State of the world body

As we already know, the spectra of these bodies are characterized by broad dark bands, the so-called arcades, and find features by which one can conclude that the presence in them of a significant number of chemical compounds. The temperature of the white and yellow stars is very high and prevents formation of the placenta, there exist elements in a free state. On the contrary, the process of cooling the red star has gone so far that a complete decomposition of the substance on them impossible. Variability of the brightness of these stars leads to the same conclusion, ie, to recognize the lower temperature: however, fluctuations in their brightness is not always explained cooled. On some of the stars under consideration, these changes are of the correct periodic nature and can be explained by the existence of large dark satellites, which in certain periods of the stars pass by, close and darken them. In other cases, we are probably dealing with a very strong development of the spots and maybe even the whole tough continents, here and there protruding among the fiery sea. Sometimes a gradual decrease in brightness of celestial bodies violated swift disaster. This makes us the sudden appearance of new stars. A famous example is the star Tycho Brahe, so named after a glorious Danish astronomer of the XVI century. One evening, to my surprise the inexpressible, Tycho Brahe observed near the zenith in the constellation Cassiopeia bright star of extraordinary size. And this was in November 1572. Star has a strong white luster, and apparently belonged to the fixed stars, but exceeded them with his brightness, and in this respect, it was close to Venus. However, soon its luster began to decrease: in December the same year she became equal to Jupiter in February and March of 1573 caught up with the first magnitude stars with a yellow sheen. In late March, it turned into a shiny red luster like that of Mars, in April and May, it dropped to second magnitude stars, in July and August turned into a star of the third magnitude, in November and December - the star of the fourth magnitude. The transition from the fifth to the sixth magnitude occurred in the period from December 1573 until February 1574. After this, a new star became a white luster, and disappeared after ceasing to be visible to the naked eye. Thus, it problestela exactly 17 months. In all likelihood, it coincides with that of the observed stars through a telescope tenth or eleventh magnitude, which Argelander found just sh location specified Tycho Brahe. Similar phenomena have been observed repeatedly. The so-called Kepler's Star was discovered on Oct. 10, 1604 in the constellation Ophiuchus, she had a gleam of Venus, but in March 1606 has ceased to be visible even keen eye. On the night of May 12, 1866 Schmidt in Athens and John Birmingham in Ireland suddenly noticed in the constellation of the Northern Crown is extremely bright star, the same night, shine it fell, and within eight days, the star has ceased to be visible to the naked eye. Precise determination showed that this star has long been ranked among the stars Argelanderom ninth or tenth magnitude, and that to this day has that brightness. In 1876 a similar case was seen Schmidt in the constellation Cygnus. Finally, in August 1885 in the Andromeda nebula suddenly broke new star of sixth magnitude, already in 1886 she became the star of the twelfth magnitude, and gradually disappeared altogether. In view of the right descending brightness Zeeliger suggested that the emergence of such stars is due to a sudden their heating, which perhaps is due to fall on them, a dark solid. Speaking about the formation of new stars, can be kept in mind given that scientists process.