Photosphere, Chromosphere, Corona

In fact, the photosphere is surrounded by other shells, invisible under normal conditions: they are observed only when total solar eclipses in the form of a narrow red ring. Spectroscopic study of the latter shows that the upper layers it consists of a heated hydrogen and unknown on Earth element helium, which is characterized by a yellow line of the spectrum. In the lower layers proved the presence of some heavy metals in the vapor state. This emitting red light weight gas reaches 1000 - 1800 miles thick. Similarly, a flaming sea of ??fire, surrounds it all the sun and, because of its coloring, is called the chromosphere (hrytsa - color). Between the photosphere and chromosphere is a thin layer of gas. He has remarkable properties. If, during a total solar eclipse to send a spectroscope tube just at the place where the edge of the photosphere disappears behind the disk approaching the moon, then at the moment of total darkness in a tube spectroscope get rays emitted by the lower layer of the solar atmosphere, and offer the spectrum, characterized by the set of bright lines . Hence it follows that this layer consists of a vapor of all the metals that exist on the Sun. White light of the photosphere under normal conditions pass through this layer; here and soaking up the rays corresponding to the characteristic colors of metals, and in the solar spectrum appear dark Fraunhofer lines. Part of the solar atmosphere in which there is absorption of radiation, may be called converts layer (umkehrende Schicht). With the full solar eclipse can also be observable most extreme shell of the Sun, the so-called crown, she is represented as a radiance surrounding the black disk, at the very edge of the last crown the most vivid, and she gradually fades and disappears against the sky. The crown extends up to distances that exceed by many times the value of the solar radius. In the spectrum of it along with the characteristic lines of hydrogen noticed a green line, corresponding to an unknown on the earth element. He is called the corona. Based on various considerations make it - gas, yet lighter than hydrogen.