These works have been especially developed since then, as proposed by General Beijer in Berlin zavedyvanie they took the international geodetic commission. Although the accuracy is increasing and research every day to expand, but the results do not meet expectations. Instead, the alleged coincidence with the calculated figures obtained strong deviations. Based on observations of vibrations of the pendulum contraction of the Earth at the poles = 7288 - Bessel same in 1841, on the basis of 10 known and then they randomly selected degree measurements, calculated the following quantities: the radius of the Earth from the center to the equator ........ 6.377 379 m radius of the Earth from the center to the pole ......... 6.356 079 m compression at both poles ............ 21.735 m radius at the equator ............... 6.378 190 m radius at the poles ............... 6.356455 m Compression ................... 21.735 m. At first sight these differences seem insignificant, but if we take into account that a slight change in the Earth radius at 1 m entails a change in the Earth's surface almost 3 square meters. miles, it becomes clear that the obtained differences are not devoid of deep meaning. They can not be explained by the inaccuracy of measurements and calculations, on the contrary, is gaining the conviction that different results are caused by the properties of the Earth's surface. With all the geodetic measurements is very important position the plumb line. Assuming that the mass inside the Earth are uniformly distributed, have long thought that it was at any given point perpendicular to the ideal of the globe. But later it turned out to be wrong. Based on known calculations, we can build only speculate about the distribution of mass within the Earth, but on the surface, as shown by direct observation, mass distributed far from uniform: large continents with high mountains, plateaus and lowlands are located next to the deep seas and oceans, they are from solid masses, which on average 2,6 - 2,8 times more dense than water. Taking into account local conditions and can say that the plumb line is almost never aligned perpendicular to the surface of the earth ellipsoid. When Fisher called attention to the actual distribution of mass, all measurements made so far were found to be inaccurate. In measuring the degree results related to sea level, which was considered as an ellipsoid of revolution, and if present a series of canals, penetrates the continents and everywhere connected with the sea, it was assumed that the water in them will be on one level, this ideal surface, and treated all measurements. However, near the continents of the water attracted a solid mass. Therefore, the level of the sea and all imaginary channels can not match the ellipsoid of rotation: different banks, he will stand at various heights, depending on the degree of attraction. Observations on the swing of the pendulum, produced on oceanic islands, seem to confirm these observations, so, for example., Seconds pendulum on Boninskih islands makes the day 14.2 strikes more than one would expect, judging from the geographical position places; on Island Whalan number of unnecessary shocks 12.6, on the island of St.. Helena 10.3, on the Ile-de-France 9.9, Fernando Noronha 9.4, on the contrary, nowhere on the mainland shore of the rapid swing of the pendulum is not noticed. This phenomenon has led to assume that oceanic islands are closer to the center of the earth than the mainland shore. In this fact seen the proof of the continental gravity of sea water and feared that all measurements are degrees lack real basis, but now those fears have been exaggerated or even altogether unfounded. The latest, accurate leveling in conjunction with previous measurements degrees undoubtedly proved that the sea around Europe, everywhere has the same level. The exact definition of gravity was explained and the reasons for the apparent inability of the continental masses of sea level change.
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