Viper bite

First of all, let's see what dangerous to humans snakes occur in the middle lane. In the forest and forest steppe zones of European Union and Siberia pervasive adder. There are places where it is less common, but around the Serpukhov in the Kalinin region, Karelia, and several other areas of vipers a lot. This is a relatively small snake, its length does not exceed 80 cm, but the strength of its venom is so great that in some cases can lead to death of the victim. There are a number of external features that are common to all types of snakes: hastate head, thin neck, short tail, flattened body, cat's-eye pupil. But try, recognize on these grounds the snake when it crawls, and even in the grass ... But the black zigzag, or composed of diamonds strip that stretches from each adder along the back, you are not worried, probably notice. Only if the snake is almost black (a color of vipers is highly variable, ranging from light gray to black-brown), zigzag or diamonds on their backs, perhaps, is no different. You can even confuse it with the snake. However, the grass snake has on his head two bright-yellow or orange (rarely white) spots. Most likely to be adder brown. Often local people confuse it with the copperhead. This copperhead - a kind of snake, painted just as the name indicates, in brown. Zigzag on the back it does not, there are rows of dark spots, sometimes merging into strips. Copperhead - a rather vicious snake may bite, but it is not dangerous: poisonous glands and teeth, it does not. Do not have a dark zigzag back and non-toxic legless lizard - sucker or veretenitsa, common throughout the European part of the country and also vary greatly in color. Dark sucker can be confused with the young lady's viper. As a general rule: do not know exactly what a snake, do not touch it. Tourists in general should first study the snake area of ??travel. In the steppes of the European Union and the Siberian steppe viper lives, it is less common - up to 55 cm long - and painted gray, with the same black zigzag on the back of the poison it is somewhat weaker. The third is a dangerous venomous snake median strip-schitomordnik Pallas, the subfamily rattlesnake, is found from the delta of the Volga to Lake Baikal. In the Far East - to the Amur River to the north and to the Ar-Guni to the west - home to some larger size (length 70 cm) schitomordnik east. Are these attacked by snakes on a person? Never! Here is a man on them "attacks", or rather, falls. Then kicked the sleeping in the grass snake comes, hold out her hand to her (hand-then, of course, attracted to berries or mushrooms), the pile of firewood her drag the fire, then press down, lying on a haystack. Caution, prudence yes High-quality shoes - that's the best preventative tool! We need to know and the habits of snakes. Do not forget that all the poisonous snakes are mostly nocturnal and readily slide from a distance to the fires (in the absence of noise). During the breeding season vipers are often located on the bushes and young trees (beware of the bite to the neck or head!). How do you know what a snake bite - venomous or not - if the snake that could not make out? If bitten by a snake or schitomordnik, the victim immediately feel a sharp pain at the site of the bite, and teeth marks on the wound will be so (see chart). Bitten place will quickly swell and redden. And the time in such a case you can not lose! As the poison spreads through the blood, it is necessary as soon as possible to stop the blood circulation in the site of the bite. Make a tight bandage above the site. If bitten on the finger, tie him. But if bitten hand or foot, the dressing should be done above the elbow or knee, because below the belt, rope or rubber band will shrink no vessels that pass between two bones. If there is antidotal serum "antigyurza", used by the bite of vipers and schitomordnikov, immediately enter it with a syringe under the skin of the abdomen or the shoulder blades. The dose and method of administration indicated on the label issued with an ampoule. If serum is not, then, while some make the dressing, while others need to prepare a fresh one percent solution of potassium permanganate (obviously, this medication must be in marching kit), the corrupting poison. Wipe with ether or alcohol, the bite and the syringe needle, and enter for about 1-2 ml of solution in the footprint of each of the poisonous teeth. Then the "obkolite" in four or five places fireplace bite each time, 1-2 ml (blockade for the remainder of the poison). On the way to the hospital (and they are to be marked on your map), which will take place twenty minutes after ligation, remove the bandage or loosen it for five minutes, or you may be necrotic no poison, and from the stagnation of blood. Stronger action taken by you. A little swelling still be, but from the worst affected insured. Do not use old and dangerous, illegal now, method: burning red-hot metal, gunpowder, burning with acid, alkali, extrusion, cutting, overlaying bandages with kerosene. Any burning or cauterizing, leaving cosmetic damage, do not give the desired effect, as the high temperature or acid does not destroy the poison - not reached its depth. Squeezing the poison and massage are meaningless: will, on the contrary, its indentation, rubbing. Not always will and aspiration of the poison from the mouth area of ??the bite. Two microscopically small points corresponding to an injection needle, close up because of the swelling of tissues, and from them it is difficult to suck out the poison. Absolutely unacceptable incision, has long been defunct in medicine: the wound may get infected, suffer a cut muscle; cut the nerves and tendons; vskroyutsya veins, which may lead to blockage of blood vessels with the blood sucked bubbles of air. It is also categorically prohibit the use of alcohol inside - whether it's vodka or brandy. Alcohol is known, expanding dermal vessels, and thus the absorption of poison increase. But useful for watering the affected tea or coffee, which will facilitate removal of sweat and urine got into the blood of the poison. In any case, you should reassure the victim and to instill confidence in him in a favorable outcome.