Forest Natural Area

Climate and in the forest in their own harsh. In Siberia, for example, in some areas, winter temperature drops to -70 °. Yes, and very short warm summers. Therefore such trees as oak or maple is not there. They are in such a short period did not have time to develop leaves and fruits. The main tree species, so are the larch, which resets the winter needles and easy to tolerate frost, as well as spruce and her constant companion - fir. Here photophilous mighty pine and cedar. Almost everywhere in the forest can be found and deciduous trees - birch, aspen, alder. The animal world is also much more diverse and richer than in the tundra. In the taiga inhabit large herbivores - deer, deer, elk (elk). Los adheres to low-lying wetlands, where many young trees. Strong legs with large cloven hoofs allow him to move on the taiga swamps and snow. Domesticated elk perfectly replaces the horse in the forest. A milk elk least nutritious than cow milk. Prior to the arrival of man is the master of taiga was a bear: in Eurasia - brown, in North America - the grizzly. Now he's gone deeper into the forest, away from human habitat. But sometimes you can find it in a very unpredictable place, close to human habitation. Bear was not only the owner of the forest. He was a master and among the people. He was worshiped as a god, like his ancestor or forefather, spirit guardians and spirit-healer. The bear - human counterpart in animal world. And when someone among the people died, believed that his soul went into a bear and can come in and pay for inflicted injury. Such peoples as the Ob Ugric, Siberian salmon, nivkhs, the Ainu still retain this belief. Therefore, animal abuse, let alone kill it is their greatest crime against their ancestors and against himself. In modern language, it expresses the concept of universal interdependence, and interdependence of outer space in general, including humans. And evidence of this is the attitude of our ancestors with a bear. Already in the 20 th century were discovered images of a bear in the mountain caves of France, finds a large accumulation of bear bones in caves in Germany and Switzerland, and folded in a certain order, which has parallels in contemporary cultural practices. Petroglyphs (carved on rocks and stones of the image), opened in Scandinavia, the Urals, East Siberia prove antiquity people worship this magnificent and powerful animal. Many in the taiga of fur-bearing animals. Here live squirrel, sable, weasel, stoat, hare and weasel. Among the finest representatives of the birds - grouse. capercaillie, black grouse. There are also woodpeckers, crossbill, nutcrackers, and that the winter will not fly away, but stay and wander within the taiga. Among the predators - lynx, and wolverine. They hunt in large boreal birds and hares, roe-deer and musk deer large number of marshes and wind in the forest contribute to breeding of mosquitoes, flies and midges (gnats). Just south of the taiga grow mixed forests, which are lighter than the taiga. It has already found the oak, linden, maple, elm, ash. Sometimes, spruce and pine forests are found interspersed with deciduous species, and sometimes just give way to clean oak forests. Deciduous forest - a multi-tiered, in contrast to the single-tiered pine. Under the canopy of the main species grow low trees: cherry, mountain ash, wild apple and pear. And under them, in turn, develop large shrubs: hazel, euonymus, honeysuckle, potash to, buckthorn. But the true master of the deciduous forest is oak. Especially powerful and majestic it is in open clearings, where it does not interfere with other trees. On a huge trunk branches with stiff dark green leaves. Oak does not bow into the wind. He only muffled noise when a strong wind storms. If the mixed forests are still found in animals of the taiga is deciduous them much smaller. It is not meet a sable or a chipmunk or a column. But there are other animals and birds: black ferret muskrat, mink, oriole, blackbird. And in the swampy areas are wild boars direct ancestors of domestic pigs. Sometime in the deciduous forests of Europe, huge herds of grazing animals regal - a bison. Now the number of large wild bull taken on account. It is included in the international Red Book and is protected as an endangered species. Number of bison is gradually increasing and in some places it is already released for the free reproduction. But still remains under state protection. In North America, are found similar to Bison bison. Unlike bison bison are kept longer in the open - on the prairies. Unfortunately, these magnificent beauties, too, is almost entirely consumed by man. In the forests of North America is home to animals that do not exist in the eastern hemisphere. It is a valuable fur-bearing animal skunk and a small marsupial mammal, the opossum, relatives who live in remote Australia.