Past and Future of the Earth

At various times, appearing researchers who felt doubtful as to the origin of the Earth from fiery-liquid state and the presence within it of high temperatures, they expressed more speculation about the origin of our planet, but not uniformity, which is observed all over the world, nor the phenomenon occurring on Earth, does not support them. The study of celestial bodies has created a solid ground for the solution of important geological questions and to explain volcanoes, earthquakes and mountain building processes. In addition, it provided an opportunity to make known the conclusions about the future of the Earth. However, due to the lack of solid ground, we can not establish any definite opinion and restrict strict parsing of widespread opinion. The above, it turns directly past the Earth, at least in its main outlines. Originally it was part of a rotating nebulous mass, separated by cooling and reducing the latter and was rotated around the Sun and its axis. It has consistently passed the stage of white and yellow stars, and differed from them, their extremely small size, it appeared on the spot, like the sun, over time they grew, and the Earth has entered a stage of red and variable stars. It may well be that further her condition was similar to that in which there is now Jupiter: The Earth is sticky paste-like mass. Cooling continued to have disappeared the last vestiges of an independent world, and the temperature dropped so that the water fell to the earth's surface in a liquid state. Since then commenced and the development of organic life. Much harder to imagine the future of the Earth. Most geologists and astronomers dealing with this issue, it is believed that the hydrosphere and atmosphere of the Earth over time disappear. This should have some influence on the future state of the Earth. Turning to the modern phenomena, we see that, and now the huge amount of water hidden in the bowels of the earth cracks in rocks and the quarry filled with moisture. In addition, many minerals contain chemically bound water. As the Earth continues to cool, then over time the rocks will be more and more to absorb water, will deplete stocks last. At first glance, a decrease of water on Earth's surface seem insignificant, but the exact calculation shows that the amount of water for many years spent on the formation of water connections are unusually high: it is obvious that the bodies that make up the crust, can gradually absorb the entire sea. But even if we exclude the continuing education of water connections, and even then not enough for the entire ocean in order to saturate the moisture mass of the globe. The same can be said about the gases that make up the atmosphere. Due to the weathering of many rocks are formed carbonic compounds - carbonate of lime, magnesium carbonate, carbonate of iron oxide: everywhere in nature we find huge deposits of limestone and dolomite, all carbon dioxide contained therein, is absorbed from the atmosphere, from lime build their facilities corals; It is composed of skeletons of clams, sea urchins, etc. Finally, the enormous quantity of carbon dioxide absorbed by plants, it is not released completely in the decomposition of them, but forms a significant part peat, lignite, coal, and is thus in a bound state . Atmospheric oxygen is absorbed by the ferrous iron and compounds thereof, and finally in the atmosphere will be only one nitrogen. This hypothesis overlooks the very important fact: the loss, undergoing the hydrosphere and atmosphere are replenished influx of matter from the bowels of the earth. In all the volcanic areas develop huge amounts of water vapor, carbon dioxide and other gases; part they erupt from the crater, part stand out from the lava flows. In the latter case they break often with such force that it carries with it pieces of lava, the latter for his fall form small cinder cones. In the vicinity of extinct volcanoes, even for a long time are such education. But in addition, in many places on Earth, there are warm and cold sources containing carbon dioxide in large quantities. An example would be the source, which rises from a borehole in Neuzaltsverka; it allocates annually about 140 kilograms of carbon dioxide. We can not determine the quantitative relationship between the absorption of water and gases and release them from the Earth, just as we can not decide whether to increase or decrease the amount of free water, oxygen and carbon dioxide, but with a high probability we can say that the total amount of carbon dioxide contained in atmosphere, it would be consumed within a few thousand years, if there were no inflows of this substance in the interior of the Earth. Thus, volcanoes, Moffett and mineral springs support organic life. Question arises - is it always will exist on Earth volcanic activity? Compared with the last period is not markedly decrease the latter, and determine when it is reduced to zero, we can not. But in any case no doubt that the manifestations of volcanism and the formation of the mountains are a known connection with the cooling of the crust. In the distant future, Earth's crust to reach a huge thickness: volcanic magma will not break this hard shell, and the formation of wrinkles and the appearance of the mountains would be impossible. Since then sucking the water and the atmosphere will not be replaced by anything. Breaking the same figures - erosion, rain, cold, flowing water and waves of the sea, gradually crushing the highest mountains, razed them to the ocean surface. If the observations of astronomers are valid, then in order to understand this stage of development can serve as our neighboring planet Mars. That this planet is going through a more distant stage of development than the earth, undoubtedly already follows from the fact that it is now proven presence on Mars more rarefied atmosphere than ours, the amount of water on this planet is relatively smaller than on Earth, the continents are of smooth plains sharply expressed mountains there. Hence it is natural to assume that Mars is in the stage of development, which will enter the Earth in the distant future. Do not forget that to speculate on the future of the Earth, we must with great caution: the surface of Mars is to us a lot of unclear and the case for further research - to explain our confusion. But regardless of that, we can fall into a big mistake if we assume that from the outset the conditions of Mars and Earth were the same. Maybe on Mars at the time of its formation was less water and the atmosphere was more sparse. One need only compare this to our Moon with the most significant of asteroids. According to Vogel, the latter have the atmosphere and the Moon is devoid of it. Since the largest of the asteroids Vesta has a diameter of only 50 geographical miles, then one would expect that it will lose its atmosphere much earlier than the Moon, surpassing his own size in 9 times. But this did not happen. It is assumed that among the individual members of the planetary system from the outset, there is a profound difference: the number of those on board of water and atmospheric gases were not identical. After passing the period of development, which is experiencing now Mars, Earth would tend to the complete dying. As commonly thought, to describe this last stage can serve as the current state of the moon. We think such a comparison is unreliable. It is true that the moon is an example of a frozen, devoid of life of the world body, but it has so many distinctive features, and so very different from Earth, it is hardly possible any parallels were expressed, among other things, the idea that the Moon can not serve to characterize the future of the Earth, and for an explanation of the first moments of the crust. Since we know nothing about this period, any clarification, though, and by analogy, it is extremely important. But, unfortunately, this idea can not be used. The first two processes of hardening of various bodies like the Earth and the Moon, could not be the same, simply because the magma of the Earth is rich in absorbed gases and vapors, and the magma of the Moon is extremely poor in them. Therefore, to make any conclusions about the Earth to the phenomena observed on the moon, we can only with great caution. What fate awaits the organisms that inhabit the earth? Do they die in the distant future due to lack of water, oxygen and carbon dioxide? Will it cause the total destruction of their cold, which occurs due to loss of the sun heat it? None of these issues, we can not answer with any certainty. It is also unknown what will happen sooner if the Sun cools to such an extent that life on Earth impossible, or Mercury falls on him and again his glow. Maybe life on Earth will perish because of the terrible heat, which will come only after the fall of Venus on the sun, and maybe it will disappear much earlier. We talked so much detail about the possible future of the Earth does not rotate out of the desire of fruitless speculation: we wanted to show that our knowledge is still insufficient for the creation of any specific hypotheses. We know only one thing, that organic life would exist on earth is not eternal and that destroying it will happen in the distant future.