Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is located mainly south of the Tropic of Cancer. To the north it is bounded by the Asian continent. Therefore, in the northern hemisphere ocean is entirely in the tropics. This creates a great extent the distinctive features that set the Indian Ocean from a number of others. Like the other oceans, the Indian has in its composition of the sea. Five of them. Arabian Sea covers an area of ??3,683,000 square kilometers. The greatest depth - 5 kilometers 875 meters. It is situated so that its eastern side is washed by the Indian subcontinent and west - the peninsula of Saudi Arabia. E Arabian Sea is a kind of conversion of cold Somali current, which runs along the coast of Somalia, the African peninsula, in the warm monsoon. It passes from the Indian subcontinent, Ceylon, and poured in warm southern trade-wind flow. And the latter, in turn, sent through the Indian Ocean to the north shore of the island of Madagascar and the coast of East Africa, as it hits it and turns north, passing in the cold for a Somali. Full circle, and repeats again. So is the surface water circulation Indian Ocean. And what is life at the depths of these waters? Flora and fauna of the Indian Ocean similar to the Pacific. This is because they are neighbors and have a close relationship between the straits in the eastern Indian Ocean near the Indonesian archipelago. The tropical region is allocated exceptional abundance of organisms that inhabit the water column and can not resist the currents. Therefore, they moved from one place to another in the direction of flow. Such organisms are called plankton. These include microscopic algae, protozoa, some crustaceans, molluscs. Especially a lot of single-celled algae trihodesmiuma. Plankton organisms migrate, that is moved in a vertical direction according to seasons and days. Many of them have the ability to glow. So sometimes, when the plankton rises to the surface waters, the surface layer becomes turbid and changes its color due to their huge number. As soon as the sun above the horizon, the ocean surface begins to glow. This glowing plankton. Especially luminous are peridiney, some jellyfish, ctenophores, tunicates. Fairly common in brightly colored siphonophores, including poisonous fizalii. And the chief representatives of plankton in the temperate zone, as well as in the Antarctic are the copepods, evfuazidy and diatoms. Among the fish commonly isolated korifenu tuna, which have great commercial value, are also common Nototeiii and a variety of sharks. Among reptiles, there are several types of giant tortoises, sea snakes. There is the Indian Ocean and of mammals. This is primarily cetaceans: toothless and blue whales, sperm whales and dolphins, as well as seals and sea elephants. Most cetacean lives in temperate and polar regions. There is intense vertical movement of water. Therefore there is a very favorable environment for plankton growth. And it was the plankton are the primary food for blue whales and toothless. Life is common in the Indian Ocean is also uneven, as in the Pacific. For the most part it is closer to the coast in the coastal waters of the Persian Gulf to the Red and Arabian seas in the Bay of Bengal along the coast of Africa to a lesser extent in Australia.