Gases and vapors and allocations

This has the absorption capacity and lava: it is filled with mostly water vapor. If the lava cools quickly, with copious vapors, then a blocky lava, if the cooling takes place slowly and is accompanied by a small amount of steam, it turns out wavy lava. The amount of emitted pair can depend on themselves the properties of the lava, and on the conditions under which it is poured and flows. On the island of Hawaii in the undulating lava flow, or "pahoehoe", as it is called in the vernacular, were observable limited areas of blocky lava, or "aa", explains this phenomenon is given a random enrichment of lava with water vapor in the places where the soil was cheese. First, gases and water vapor are allocated throughout the lava flow, but it later formed the so-called fumaroles, and steam separation occurs only from the cracks and holes in the crust, covering the flow. In the latter case, together with the escaping vapors are released and lumps of liquid lava, and they rise into the air and fall back to the fumaroles, which are often erected tall cones. A similar phenomenon can be reproduced artificially by pouring molten lead oxide in cold and damp place. In addition to water vapor, lava allocates a lot of other gases, as, for example., A pair of hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride, ferric chloride, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, etc. In the much larger quantity of these same gases are extracted from the crater. Particularly curious are mineral formations, which are obtained by cooling the vapor, or individual components thereof, are so-called "products of sublimation. Among such entities are the most common: salt, ammonium chloride and ferric chloride, the most recent covers of the top wall of the crater and bright-yellow coating, which is often misleading tourists, taking him by the brimstone. Water vapor is decomposed by ferric chloride in hydrochloric acid and iron oxide, which is ~ and is excreted in the form of small crystals of iron shine. Between the products of sublimation come across as chlorine compounds of heavy metals: copper and lead, it sheds some light on the origins of many ore veins in the massive ancient rocks. But the most interesting fact, opened the first Scacchi and subsequently confirmed by Rath (von Rath). It turns out that the concentration of the vapors are allocated and silicate compounds, called silicates, among which are formed of some minerals, which play an important role in the massive rocks, such as: potassium feldspar (sanidine), augite, mica (biotite), etc.