The form of sunspots

The same spot in a relatively short period of time experiences a series of changes: it increases or decreases drag by so-called "bridges", lots of light material passing through its core, and finally disappears, and in other places, new spots. The process of tumor latter can be seen very often, have a few days it can be predicted ahead: the bright surface of the Sun begins to move, there is a set of torches and then, the latter range is in the one side or the other, finally, one of them begins to increase and becomes in the present spot, near which gradually appears in partial shade. This process is not always so simple and calm, sometimes it is accompanied by a passionate stormy eruptions of gases escaping from inside the Sun. The number and size of spots appearing at the same time very different. Sometimes they are very few and small, so some old monitors, whose hands were only weak instruments, it seemed that the sun during the entire months and years, there are no stains. With improvement of telescopes, sight, this was proven wrong. Nevertheless, there are a sharp contrast: sometimes the spots are expressed very poorly, and sometimes have a huge size and serve in large numbers. Long-term observation of these phenomena possible to notice the laws they obey: every eleven years there comes a maximum, and it is followed by a minimum. Periods of emergence of sunspots coincide with the phenomena of terrestrial magnetism and aurora. Each spot reduces the surface of the sun, emit light and heat in a small part of it where the spot appears, this decrease significantly. We know a number of stars, the intensity of which is subject to significant fluctuations, it is obvious that the sun belongs to this group, however, the weakening of the brightness was not particularly great: the surface is occupied spots in the period of their maximum development, is usually only a fraction of the surface. There is no doubt that the amount of heat and light, sent the Sun to the Earth, depends on the number of spots, but it seems to change it so insignificant that they can not be observed and measured. Despite the irregularity of the appearance of individual spots, it has been observed a strict rule of law in general, their distribution in time and the same should be said about the spatial location of the Sun's surface. It is noticed that near the poles of the sun does not appear stains. Further 30 ° latitude and near the equator, they are rare. Thus, the zones most common stains are part of the solar surface, located between 10 ° and 30 ° north and south latitudes. These two zones called the royal zones. Watching the same sunny spot for several days, we can notice that it changes the place: Having been on the eastern edge of the solar disk, the spot gradually moves to the west and the western edge of disappearing. Spots and have its own movement, but the latter is relatively small. Then the correct move, about which we are told - a phenomenon apparent; spot does not change significantly any of its place: the Sun itself moves around its axis in the direction from east to west, and in this movement take part in spots, their movement has been possible calculate the circulation around the sun axis is equal to 25.38 days. After half this time, each spot must be periodically disappear on the western edge of the disc and once again appear on the east. In fact, such regularity is observed: the spot during the time when it is hidden from us, often disappears or changes its shape so that afterwards we will not know it. Nevertheless, it was possible to observe the re-emergence of spots, although very rarely. Some of them could be traced within 6 - 8, and one even for 19 - 22 revolutions of the Sun, ie, within \ 1 / 2 years. The shape of spots is, is different depending on where we see them - on the edge or in the middle of the disc. As follows the rules of perspective, in the first case, they are very narrow, with a nucleus in the form of a line in the second - represented in its present shape and have a round nucleus.