Volcanoes of the Eifel

According to its location, they fall into two groups - the Eifel volcanoes in the proper sense and volcanoes Laaherskogo lake. The earliest eruptions of them belong to the Miocene epoch, as the main mass formed much later: they are younger than the valleys, washed out by rivers, and are sometimes diluvial loess deposits, and even later times. Survived a number of volcanic cones with a characteristic cratered and partly with lava flows. Such, for example., Mozenberg have Brettenfelda, Firmeryh have Down syndrome, a volcano in Gerolypteyna, volcanoes Bellerberg, Herhenberg, Roderberg have Rolandsekka and many others, but not in them lies the main interest areas: here we find a kind of "Ma'ariv", which in any another country are not expressed so well. They represent an extremely simple form of holes, emitting volcanic products. This krateropodobnye basin, located directly in the ancient sedimentary rocks, in most cases in the Devonian shales of the system. Wall basins are composed of solid rock, which is round, sometimes around the hole is short wreath slag, sometimes there piled debris shale and sandstone, and sometimes neither one nor the other. Many of these basins filled with water and formed a lake. The biggest maars is Laaherskoe lake, which, according to some geologists, threw lava flow Nidermendiga. It covers an area * / 6 square meters. n surrounded by miles of mainly Devonian sediments of the system and lying over them layers of brown coal, and partly due to slag and tuff, which is located on the forest. Other maar have smaller sizes. Among the most significant belong Pulvermaar, Gillenfeldsky, Veynfeldsky, Ilmensky, Dounsky, Moorbruksky, Meerfeldensky etc. Maar. One of them has only a few feet across and is called in German «Hutsche». The origin of maars quite thoroughly can be attributed to volcanic eruptions, which threw out lava and not confined to the rapid release of gases. Formed at the crater threw a little too loose products and could not pour any significant cone. Small amounts of solid material evolved during eruptions, disappeared without a trace. Volcanoes of the Eifel in a lot of throwing pumice, which is common here in the vast spaces. A peculiar product of their eruptions is the so-called trails. This is a special kind of tuff, which is around Laaherskogo lake is about Brawley, in the river net, and even in some places, forming thick layers and serves as an excellent material for making cement. This rock is similar to the pumiceous tuffs, it is yellow or gray earthy mass, which is often enclosed pieces of pumice, often also fragments of shale, basalt, and even crystals of sanidine, hornblende, augite, etc. In all likelihood, this ancient flow volcanic mud, filled the valley and, in turn, eroded by rivers. Western end of the basaltic region of Central Germany and the Czech Republic and the North retains traces posletretichnyh eruptions, as is shown by the example of Goethe Kammerbyulya in Eger. On the shales there rises cinder cone; together with numerous basaltic bombs, he suggests the existence of volcanic explosions in the area. In the Austrian Sea lezii are three volcanic cones - Rautenberg, Kellerberg and the volcano at Messendorf. In Hungary, at the southern edge of the Carpathians there are huge masses of Tertiary trachytes, but no hint of the existence of posletretichnyh eruptions. On the contrary, in several known Sedmigradii trahitovyh craters, which are now discovering the activities inherent weak solfataram. Compared with mainland Europe is much more extinct volcanoes located on islands and peninsulas Mediterranean. In Spain, around the town of Olot in Catalonia is known about 14 extinct craters, in south-eastern Spain, between Cape St. Martin in Carthage and the Cape of Cabo de Gata, near Almeria stretches along the coast a number of extinct cones, craters, which are sometimes well preserved. Finally, the island Columbretes in Valencia represent many extinct volcanoes with dilapidated circular shafts. To the east lies the island of Sardinia with a huge extinct volcano Monte Ferry. Followed by the already known volcanoes of the peninsula and surrounding islands. Throughout the Ionian and Adriatic Seas none of the new volcano. Even in the Balkans, where the igneous rocks of the Tertiary period, reaching a huge development, only one volcano, which operated in historic times. This - Mefana on the northeast coast of the Peloponnese. On the contrary, the Aegean is extremely rich in volcanoes, which cut through it in the form of a long series. Trahitovye Tertiary rocks are found already in the Bosphorus, they take part in the structure of the coast of the Dardanelles and reach a huge development on the islands and on the coast of Asia Minor, in the northern Aegean Sea. At Tenedese, Lemnos, Imbros, near Smyrna to Cesme occur everywhere trahitovye igneous mass with freshwater limestones of the Miocene epoch. With regard to the latest volcanic rocks, then in this whole area is unknown, and trace them.