On all of these eruptions, we have a bit of news, and even of questionable character. Especially valuable is the description of one of them made such an expert on the case, as Professor Ricco. Due to a fluke, he had witnessed a remarkable underwater eruption, at least in its separate phases. Awakening preceded the volcanic forces strong earthquake in south-eastern part of the island in the night from 24 th to May 25, 1890 fumaroles increased and intensified their activities. The temperature in the old crater is so improved, luxury fig trees and vineyards, which lie there, dead, appeared about forty ponds, and over the next fifteen days occurred a slight lifting of the north-eastern coast. New earthquake happened in June, it is not, however, was felt in the town Pantellyariya, on the northwest end of the island, but the more it was an earthquake here on Oct. 14, 1891, which lasted ten days. Strikes were directed upward, and only through special way of building strong homes, made minor havoc. Oct. 14 at the beginning of the earthquake, many keys were exhausted, and the 17 th, when the underwater eruption reappeared. The water of the sea rose and threw enormous plumes of smoke and vapor, whose appearance is accompanied by a long rumble; earthquake weakened. The next day, the area covered by the earthquake reached 830 m in northeast direction. On the surface of the sea appeared countless black volcanic bombs. They isolated pairs and with a terrible noise burst, spreading the smell of sulfur. Shards of them flew to a height of 15 and 20 m, and with them rising column of water and steam. Bombs were falling back into the sea, whose temperature has risen on the site of eruption in the 11 / 2 °; some bombs sank without tearing. In the following nrch vapor cloud was flooded fiery color; force as the eruption began to wane, and October 23, Ricco had counted on the surface of the sea about 500 volcanic bombs. Sea water temperature no longer increased, and the area covered by the eruption, stretched to 200 m in length and 50 m in width. Prolonged bursts of replacing just the thud, only bursting bombs spread the noise like the noise of firing weapons during battle. Center eruptions during this phase utihaniya volcanic explosion was lying on the northeastern end of the area covered by the eruption, before the same main activity was concentrated in three locations, much farther to the west. October 26, the sea was already calm. The eruption ended. Perhaps the most striking, though not significant effect was floating volcanic bombs at the sea surface. The temperature inside reached, at least, 415 °: zinc wire inserted into them, once melted, and the brass has not changed its solid state. These volcanic bombs were highly porous mass, like the pumice and, thanks to the air within them, have little specific weight (1,5), is exceeded, however, the proportion of seawater. Apparently, they were pushed to the surface is not volcanic force, and pressure is within the vapor. Ricco is the process as follows: when the masses of slag flew out of the crater, the water seeped into the molten mass, and came to the so-called spheroidal state, ie, despite the heat, did not apply to couples. Climbing up, volcanic bombs were cooled, located inside the water passed into the vapor state, and reported bombs new impetus. While the hydrostatic pressure was more or less significant, the bombs could not explode, but on the surface, due to a sudden easing of pressure, there is a strong explosion. Before the eruption of the depth at this point reaches 160 m after the eruption of measurements made, unfortunately, with imperfect instruments, showed that it had increased to 320 m. From this it would suggest that disappeared at the bottom of the solid mass were ejected eruption, but this assumption unlikely: the number of wrecks, and mainly pumice indicates that the explosion of volcanic activity, not one of the strongest, and in such cases, as we know, the expansion and deepening of the crater is not happening. Most likely, that the measurements were wrong. Much more curious and important phenomena occurring on the island Pantellyarii before the eruption. Part of the north-east coast for 10 km between Punta and Punta Karushya Trachino, several rising during the eruption in 1890, has risen and now, she lay on a 0,8 m above the original level. It happened on the night from 14 th to October 15. Above the sea surface there were two white stripes, formed by organisms living on the coast - marine worms (serpulami), barnacles, rakushnikami (Mytilus), marine saucers (Patella), etc. They were profusely strewn with volcanic rocks. Rocks, primarily covered by water, moved over the sea. All this clearly indicates that the incident uplift. South of Cape Karuschya a crack that ran in the underwater rocks at least 300 meters and farthest from the shore rising to 82 - 45 m. Another crack was about vulkanycheskogo lake, which was used for bathing, fumaroles increased activity. About cracks and along the earthquake was felt more strongly than in other places on the island. This phenomenon presents a clear and undeniable example of uplift produced by volcanic forces. We do not know at what depth the eruption occurred, and therefore denied the opportunity to express in figures the tremendous work that has been thus made. Area covered by the above-described underwater eruption, is directed to the northeast, it coincides with the main volcanic fissure that runs through the island and Pantellyariya Ferdinandea and through Shyakku in Sicily. We saw above that during the last eruption center moved toward the northeast. Volcanoes Pantellyarii islands, stretching from the south-east to north-west, lie on the transverse fissure, and the phenomenon of 1890 - an earthquake in south-eastern end of the island, the temperature rise in the ancient craters and uplift along the coast last crack - clearly indicate that Volcanic magma has sought to open a path on which she poured out in the old days along the transverse cracks. At first, the volcanic forces have proven anything on the surface, but next year they have already discovered the action: the center of eruption has moved to the north-west coast, and rose again, thereby moving the center and there was a volcanic earthquake in north-western end of the island and the underwater eruption at the place where the two cracks. Known to many islands, which were formed in front of a man of action of volcanic forces, and partly they have been preserved, have been partly destroyed by the sea waves. Not to mention those curious phenomena that occurred among the Aeolian Islands, a group of Santorini (in the Greek archipelago), and the Japanese islands and on which it will be lower, we will mention here of the new entities in 1638, 1720, 1757 and 1811 in the group of the Azores. All of them were quickly destroyed. The same was observed off the coast of Iceland. At the southwestern tip of the island, near Cape Reykjanes is acting underwater volcano, known to 13 of the last eruption. Educated them in 1240, the island again soon disappeared, and the more significant the island with a few mountains that appeared in 1783, lasted less than a year.
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