The subject of geology

Even before the article is attracted attention by some wonderful people, but their writings were scattered and had little influence, the mainstream views have been deprived of accurate experimental basis, the facts are not summarized. Werner - the father of geology: he gave her an orderly system, and a solid foundation, he created the school, and his name and teachings have spread wherever there are people interested in science. The new science was developed in complete dependence on mining and mineralogy, and was initially only their branch, or, at best, secondary science, without any right to independent existence. And a lot of time passed before such a view of geology and disappeared before they were defeated prejudices hindering evaluate a new direction. Meanwhile, from geology allocate another branch of science knowledge, which is just as well for a long time played a subordinate role, is the study of plants and animals that inhabited the earth in past periods, paleontology, as it is called, Cuvier and Brongniart were the same for her than for Werner Geology . In a short period of its existence both science evolving with extraordinary rapidity, and brilliance, and exhibit a number of outstanding researchers. Since then continuously flock valuable new facts and observations from all over the world, and their accumulation is so fast that outstrips the theoretical development of the sciences. Era, this is too far from us and our achievements are significant, but the close relationship between geology and paleontology, which existed at the beginning, has remained till now, and in most cases the same person who seeks to capture both the science, or at least parts of both . This seems strange at first sight: geology has to do with rocks, with inorganic entities. On the contrary, paleontology deals with flora and fauna of the past periods, in short, organisms, living things: it is adjacent to the biological sciences - to zoology and botany. And if the relationship between geology and paleontology is nonetheless close, the reason for this lies in the essence of both science: common problems binds them together and opposes all other descriptive divisions of natural science: geology, not only has been studying the properties and abundance of rocks, She also speaks about their origin, bedding, and on the changes that are happening to them. Likewise, paleontology not only examines the form and structure of extinct organisms, but also shows how for long periods of time, different flora and fauna were replaced on the ground each other in what context are they among themselves and with the modern plant and animal life. In a word, and paleontology, and geology - the science of history, and their task - to present the history of the earth. In this a common task and the reason their relationship and the unusually high value that they have for the development of science. Modern science is no longer an exclusively descriptive nature: the most important subject of his research is the question of the origin of the bodies. It not only finds out what are the things now, but what they were. With such genetic direction of science and its attraction to the historical views, which have become dominant everywhere, of course it becomes clear how deeply should the influence of geology and paleontology at all important questions of natural science: only when they are using other natural sciences can resolve fully their main tasks . On our soil is not events and objects for study and there is no task more significant and important than those that occupy the geologists. First among them is the question of how we began our planet and how the processes required it to its independent existence among the Solar System. Of course, a purely geological methods can not reach a satisfactory solution to these issues. We must take the findings of other sciences, it results in astrophysics. The closest is the subject of geology consider ways of origin and nature of the occurrence of rocks, ie, those solid masses, which mainly make up the crust. There are two types of rocks, whose character is at a certain skill is easily noticed: education, which fall into more or less visible layers bounded by parallel planes, are called sedimentary rocks, rocks, in which not seen such a division into layers, are called massive . The difference between these two types dramatically evident in Fig. 1, which represents the view from the peak of Abai in Colorado in North America. The rounded top of a massive trachyte stand out among the flat lying layered rock, and even at a cursory glance is not difficult to see that in the formation of the area involved two very different elements.