Observations Shtapfa

Through the various lines are marked: 1) the temperature of rocks inside the tunnel along its entire length, 2) average annual air temperature, the dominant surface in the vicinity of the tunnel, and 3) soil temperature at the same length. To show the influence of rock masses on the distribution of heat in the tunnel, on the same grid, which delayed the temperature profile represented by the area, he zacherchen oblique lines. The largest of the observed temperatures are slightly higher than 30 ° and does not exceed 30,8 °. The figure shows that in general, temperature increase corresponds to a height located above the tunnel rock mass. However, full compliance is not observed: as was to be expected, temperature fluctuations are less important than surface roughness, ie, the temperature increase under the peaks and valleys fall under relatively low and not proportional to changes in terrain. Significant deviation represented a relatively high temperature at Andermatt, this phenomenon is probably due to the presence of gypsum, which can develop heat due to chemical processes. Geothermal degrees here reaches 50.3 m. In the Arlberg tunnel measurements were not nearly so full as in the St. Gothard. The highest temperature reached 18,5 ° at a distance of 5100 m from the east end and 715 m from the ground, meanwhile, in the St. Gothard tunnel, the highest temperature of 30,8 ° at a depth of 1,752 m.