ISLAND John the Divine

In early May 1796 near the island of Umnak appeared a huge column of smoke on the surrounding islands was an earthquake, and the sound of underground noise, gradually formed a small volcano, releasing toxins. Within a month he is increasing. After that, the power of the eruption began to wane, but the smoke and stones were thrown on the still and the island continued to grow. Eight years later, the soil it was so hot that it was impossible to hit the beach. Eruptions have continued, and new island, named the island of St. John the Evangelist, reached in 1806, 2 {/ 2 miles in circumference and 300 r. in height, and in 1819 - 4 geogr. miles in circumference and 2000 feet in height, about 1823 eruption began to weaken and diminish the size of the island, in 1832 it reached only two miles in circumference. The destruction of the island continued, and in September and October 1883, during the eruption of the Aleutian Islands Augustine eruptions have also occurred near the island of St. John the Divine, which result was the emergence of new, more substantial islands, called on. Grevinka, in honor of former professor. Dorpat (now Tartu) University. In August 1884 the island was 120 m in height and connected to the island of St. John the Evangelist narrow low-lying isthmus. The height of the island of St. John in spite of the destruction that happened, remained unchanged, and reached 300 feet. In February 1890 there was further eruptions around the island, and nearby there are three islands, is approximately 300 m in height. To the north of New Zealand is also known volcanic formations. In 1825 there appeared an island, and in 1885 - the other, the last, oh. Falken (Falcon), we shall say more below. On this occasion, let us make here some remarks about undersea volcanoes, located far from continents and volcanic islands. Is there any volcanoes in considerable depth, how they are distributed and how to act - all these are important questions, but to solve them we have very little data. At one time assumed such a volcano on the Atlantic Ocean at 20 - 22 ° west longitude, about 1 / 2 ° south of the equator, but, as shown by Rudolph, the assumption was erroneous. Certain information is available only with respect to those eruptions that occurred near the rocky islands of St. Paul, separated by a deep sea of ??imaginary volcano (see map of earthquakes). Through an accurate study of the numerous allegations of seafarers Rudolph was able to show what really happened in the ocean underwater eruptions, sometimes accompanied by boiling of water, raising its temperature and removing water column. In all cases, there is great excitement, stretching to the distant shores. Manifestation of submarine volcanic activity is outside of any dependence on the neighboring continents. We have no data to judge how the phenomenon occurs at depth and how much material is thrown out there, but huge masses of eruptive products, found on the seafloor, suggest that some of them thrown out of underwater volcanoes. We return to the main subject of this chapter, the Italian volcanoes. To the north of Sicily, are remarkable in many respects, the Aeolian Islands. Seven larger islands are located in the direction of the three lines as rays, diverging from the center of the group; line to the west, consists of the islands of Salina, and Felikudi Alikudi, located to the south of the island of Lipari, Volcano and Volkanello; continuation of this line is fudoarola , located on Cape Calawah in Sicily. Panhard, Stromboli and Strombolutstso constitute the third line to the north-east. We have repeatedly pointed out that volcanoes are located in rows, are likely, in connection with cracks extending deep into the earth, in which case it can be assumed that such cracks diverge in different directions from the center of the Aeolian Islands.